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IRIS Plus 2021-1 - Diversity and inclusion in the European audiovisual sector (2021)
How can Europe ensure better respect of diversity and inclusion in its cinema, television and VOD industries?
At national level, legislators and regulators have provided a diversity of tools and mechanisms to promote equality and fight discrimination, for example, by imposing obligations on broadcasters, particularly public service broadcasters. Film funds make public funding conditional on the fulfilment of equality and diversity criteria. And beyond state intervention, the European audiovisual industry has also stepped in, introducing new policies aimed at increasing diversity and promoting inclusion in the sector.
This publication aims at presenting the variety of measures in a non-comprehensive way - in a way which not only illustrates all the good work that has been done in recent years, but which also highlights shortcomings and challenges for the future.
At national level, legislators and regulators have provided a diversity of tools and mechanisms to promote equality and fight discrimination, for example, by imposing obligations on broadcasters, particularly public service broadcasters. Film funds make public funding conditional on the fulfilment of equality and diversity criteria. And beyond state intervention, the European audiovisual industry has also stepped in, introducing new policies aimed at increasing diversity and promoting inclusion in the sector.
This publication aims at presenting the variety of measures in a non-comprehensive way - in a way which not only illustrates all the good work that has been done in recent years, but which also highlights shortcomings and challenges for the future.
1. Setting the scene
1.1. What are diversity and inclusion
1.2. Off-screen diversity and inclusion
1.3. On-screen diversity and inclusion
1.4. Diversity and inclusion toolbox
2. International and EU legal framework
2.1. Measures by international organisations
3.1. Sectoral legislation concerning broadcasting and VOD
4.1. Strategies and tools
5.1. European Court of Human Rights
6.1. Still work to be done on equality and non-discrimination
6.2. Multiple screens remain unregulated
6.3. Benefits and risks linked to the use of AI for content moderation
6.4. Concluding remarks
1.1. What are diversity and inclusion
1.2. Off-screen diversity and inclusion
1.3. On-screen diversity and inclusion
1.4. Diversity and inclusion toolbox
2. International and EU legal framework
2.1. Measures by international organisations
2.1.1. The United Nations framework
2.1.2. The Council of Europe framework
2.2. Measures by the European Union
2.2.1. Non-discrimination and equality
2.2.2. Gender diversity and inclusion in the audiovisual sector
2.2.3. EU programmes and initiatives
2.3. Sectoral initiatives
2.3.1. Initiatives from the EFAD
2.3.2. Initiatives from the EPRA
2.3.3. Initiatives from the ERGA
3. National3.1. Sectoral legislation concerning broadcasting and VOD
3.1.1. United Kingdom
3.1.2. France
3.1.3. Spain
3.1.4. Belgium (French-speaking Community)
3.2. Public funding criteria
3.2.1. Gender
3.2.2. Linguistic minorities
3.2.3. Ethnic, social and religious diversity
4. Industry best practices4.1. Strategies and tools
4.1.1. Sectoral recommendations
4.1.2. Monitoring and data collection
4.1.3. Diversity charters, labels and certifications
4.1.4. Action plans, strategies and guidelines
4.2. Awareness-raising initiatives
4.2.1. Launching campaigns and events
4.2.2. Creating networks and alliances
4.2.3. The role of NGOs
5. Case law 5.1. European Court of Human Rights
5.1.1. General principles
5.1.2. Incitement to hatred and discrimination
5.2. Court of Justice of the European Union
5.2.1. Scope
5.2.2. Direct discrimination
5.2.3. Indirect discrimination
5.2.4. Harassment
5.2.5. Justification for less favourable treatment
5.2.6. Protected grounds
6. State of play6.1. Still work to be done on equality and non-discrimination
6.2. Multiple screens remain unregulated
6.3. Benefits and risks linked to the use of AI for content moderation
6.4. Concluding remarks
How can Europe ensure better respect of diversity and inclusion in its cinema, television and VOD industries?
At national level, legislators and regulators have provided a diversity of tools and mechanisms to promote equality and fight discrimination, for example, by imposing obligations on broadcasters, particularly public service broadcasters. Film funds make public funding conditional on the fulfilment of equality and diversity criteria. And beyond state intervention, the European audiovisual industry has also stepped in, introducing new policies aimed at increasing diversity and promoting inclusion in the sector.
This publication aims at presenting the variety of measures in a non-comprehensive way - in a way which not only illustrates all the good work that has been done in recent years, but which also highlights shortcomings and challenges for the future.
At national level, legislators and regulators have provided a diversity of tools and mechanisms to promote equality and fight discrimination, for example, by imposing obligations on broadcasters, particularly public service broadcasters. Film funds make public funding conditional on the fulfilment of equality and diversity criteria. And beyond state intervention, the European audiovisual industry has also stepped in, introducing new policies aimed at increasing diversity and promoting inclusion in the sector.
This publication aims at presenting the variety of measures in a non-comprehensive way - in a way which not only illustrates all the good work that has been done in recent years, but which also highlights shortcomings and challenges for the future.